Taxonomy
Family: Cyperaceae
Habitat
Swamps and marshes, in acidic, calcareous, or saline places.
Associates
Distribution
Nova Scotia to MN, south to western FL and KY; also in eastern TX.
Morphology
Herbaceous perennial from rhizomes, often colonial; culms stiff, slender, to 1 m, solitary or few together; leaf blades 1-3 mm wide, channeled toward the base, flat or nearly so in the middle, becoming terete towards the apex, smooth or nearly so; inflorescence compound, cymosely branched, slender, the terminal cyme 5-10 cm, the lower ones remote; spikelets in small terminal capitate clusters, lanceolate, becoming ovoid, 3-5 mm; scales 5-6, spirally imbricate, the lower scales short, subrotund, the upper ovate; achene dull brown, 2.5-3.5 mm, pointed, the base either contracted or broadly truncate.
Notes
Fruiting June to September
Wetland indicator: OBL
Cladium can be distinguished from Scirpus and other similar genera by the absence of bristles or scales on the achene, the presence of 2 or more foliaceous bracts, and one fertile flower (thus only one achene) per spikelet that is terminal, the others staminate and at least the lowest scale empty. This species has more or less smooth leaf margins while other Cladium spp. have leaves that are harshly scabrous.
References
Gleason, Henry A. and A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of
Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Second Ed.
The New York Botanical Garden. Bronx, NY
© Michael Hough 2018 |