Taxonomy
Family: Pinaceae
Habitat
Moist, upland forests. North-facing slopes and lake shores. Shade-tolerant.
Associates
In mixed stands with Abies balsamea, Acer saccharum, Betula alleghaniensis, Pinus strobus, Tsuga canadensis.
Distribution
New England, NY and adjacent portions of southeast Canada, south to NC
Morphology
Evergreen conifer, to 100' or more, less under cultivation. Crown broadly conical. Leaves curved, 10-16 mm long, blunt-tipped, shiny yellow-green; needles pointing forward, often appressed along the twig. Twigs reddish brown, with a brown stain at the base of the leaf peg. Young bark red-brown, shredded; mature mark dark and furrowed. Cones ovoid, to 2" long, brown.
Notes
Flowers NA
Wetland indicator: Facultative Wetland
Not well-suited to cultivation, requiring a cool climate, high humidity and rainfall.
References
Dirr, Michael A. 1998. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants:
Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses.
5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Stipes Publishing L.L.C.
Farrar, J. L. 1995. Trees of the Northern United States and Canada.
Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press.
Swink, F. and G. Wilhelm. 1994. Plants of the Chicago Region.
Indiana Academy of Science. The Morton Arboretum. Lisle, Illinois.
Michael Hough © 2005 |